Copper sulfate
Active ingredient- Copper sulfate pentahydrate
Use- Algaecide
Mode of action- Disassociation to elemental copper. Copper affects many systems at once. Like a shotgun, it inflicts many wounds to many different systems. Any one may not be enough to destroy the cell, but combined they are deadly. Systems that are affected include: disruption of electron transfer system, alteration of membrane integrity, interruption of energy supply to cell outer regions, and generation of toxins within the cell. Copper sulfate is 100% active; this is why when applied, results are immediate. .
Cutrine- Plus/Chelated Copper Based Algaecides
Active ingredient- Elemental copper
Use- Algaecide
Mode of action- Reduction to elemental copper. Chelated copper works like copper sulfate, but it does so at a slower rate, and over a longer period of time. It is chelated (bound to another chemical) so it stays in the water column for a longer period of time, providing longer-lasting results. As the copper breaks out of it=s chelated state, it is released to it=s elemental form, and begins algae control.
Reward
Active ingredient- Diquat dibromide
Use- Herbicide
Mode of action- Mode of action- Reduction to a free radical through the natural processes ofrespiration and photosynthesis. The salts formed can bond and release with electrons in the plant over and over again, virtually Ashort circuiting@ the plants ability to use photosynthesis. Reward is used for the control of Milfoil, Coontail, Bladderwort, Curlyleaf pondweed, and other pondweeds. Reward is absorbed through the cuticle of the leaf, so plants that have a very waxy cuticle, will be more resistant to it than other plants. The first effects can be seen within an hour after treatment in bright sunlight. Complete control, however, will take 5 to 15 days. Reward will instantly bond with the soil on contact, so it should not be used in turbid water, and care should be taken to avoid stirring the water up during application.
Weedar/Aquakleen/Navigate-2, 4-D
Active ingredient- 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
Use- Herbicide
Mode of action- Acts as a plant growth hormone (auxin), which stimulates rapid excessive growth, which interferes with cell division, food utilization, and other vital processes of the plant. Systemic effects are more specific to dicots as opposed to monocots. However, while not recommended, monocots such as pondweeds may be affected at high dosages. It is used to control Eurasian watermilfoil, coontail, and bladderwort.
Aquathol K
Active ingredient- Dipotassium Endothall
Use- Herbicide
Mode of action- Mode of action- Respiration is inhibited, during which, oxygen consumption is also inhibited. Effects are greater in the dark, due to the fact that the results are not photosynthesis-based. It is used to control Curlyleaf pondweed, thinleaf pondweed, and other pondweeds.
Hydrothol 191
Active ingredient- Endothall mono (n, n-dimethylalkylamine) salt
Use- Algaecide, contact herbicide
Mode of action- Mode of action- Respiration is inhibited, during which, oxygen consumption is also inhibited. Effects are greater in the dark, due to the fact that the results are not photosynthesis-based. It is used as an algaecide primarily to assist in the treatment of filamentous algae, which can form large mats on the surface of the water. It is used as an herbicide to control eelgrass, and other aquatic plants
Sonar
Active ingredient- Fluridone
Use- Herbicide
Mode of action- Mode of action- Inhibits the plants ability to make food. Specifically, Sonar inhibits carotenoid (yellow pigments) synthesis, which is an important part of the photosynthesis process. These yellow pigments protect the plants chlorophyll (green pigments) from photo degradation (decomposition from sunlight). When carotenoid synthesis is inhibited, the chlorophyll is exposed to photo degradation, and is gradually destroyed. The visible symptom of Sonar action is bleaching or the development of chlorosis on the terminal bud or growing points of the plant. It is used to control a wide variety of aquatic plants and results may last for a couple of years.
Cidekick/Cygnet Plus
Active ingredient- l-limonene
Use- Adjuvant
Mode of action- Decreases surface tension and causes molecules to depolarize, thus making it more available for plant uptake. It is used to enhance the effects of the herbicides/algaecides. In weeds, Cidekick penetrates the cuticle, while in algae, the cell walls are penetrated.
Rodeo
Active ingredient- Glyphosphate
Use- Herbicide
Mode of action- Inhibits an enzyme necessary for the formation of essential amino acids. Visible signs of treatment include wilting and yellowing of plants. It is used to control a wide variety of emergent plants and will not affect seeds that haven't sprouted. Rodeo is non-selective.
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